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Zoning Out Too Often? You Might Be Dissociating

Most of us ‘zone out’ now and then. You arrive home and realise you barely noticed your journey. Or you suddenly find you’ve eaten a whole pack of biscuits without really tasting them.

This kind of mild spacing out is normal – especially during times of stress or change. But if you regularly feel disconnected from your thoughts, emotions, or even your body, it could be something more serious: dissociation.

What Is Dissociation?

Dissociation is a psychological response where you disconnect from your thoughts, feelings, surroundings, or identity. It’s a way your brain tries to protect you from overwhelming stress or trauma.

Rather than staying fully present, you may mentally ‘check out’. It can feel like you’re floating, foggy, or watching life from outside your body.

In the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision), dissociation is considered a disruption in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control and behaviour.

Dissociation as a Defence Mechanism

As children, we often develop coping mechanisms to survive emotionally overwhelming experiences. Dissociation is one such survival tactic, especially for children who experienced:

  • Emotional, physical or sexual abuse
  • Chronic neglect or abandonment
  • Growing up with caregivers who were unpredictable or frightening

The brain responds by detaching from the moment – because being fully present is too painful. This might look like going numb, feeling floaty or ‘leaving’ your body during distress.

But while dissociation might have protected you as a child, it can interfere with adult life – especially in relationships, work and emotional wellbeing.

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dissociation

Signs of Dissociation

Wondering if you might dissociate more than the average person? Common signs include:

  • Feeling spaced out, foggy or floaty
  • Losing track of time or experiencing memory gaps
  • Feeling emotionally numb or detached from what’s happening around you
  • Struggling to describe how you feel in the moment
  • Feeling as if life isn’t real or like you’re watching yourself from outside your body (known as depersonalisation or derealisation)
  • A sense of being disembodied – as though you’re not quite inside your own skin, or your body feels distant, unfamiliar, or not fully yours
  • Becoming drowsy or sleepy when life gets stressful
  • People tell you that you’re “so calm” under pressure, but in reality, you feel disconnected
  • Forgetting important details or conversations
  • Delayed emotional reactions – realising how you felt hours or days after the event

Why Does Dissociation Happen?

Dissociation is strongly linked to trauma. It’s especially common in people who experienced:

  • Childhood abuse or neglect
  • Domestic violence
  • Sudden loss or traumatic grief
  • Medical trauma or accidents
  • Highly stressful or overwhelming life events

The brain learns to ‘disconnect’ as a way of coping when the body’s usual stress responses (fight, flight, or freeze) aren’t enough.

Understanding dorsal vagal collapse

Polyvagal theory offers a useful way to understand what’s actually happening in the nervous system during dissociation. When fight or flight isn’t possible or safe – as is often the case for a child facing danger from a caregiver – the body has one more line of defence: the dorsal vagal branch of the nervous system. This is the oldest survival response we have, shared with many other species: it’s the same mechanism that causes an animal to go still and limp when a predator has it in its jaws.

In humans, this is often called dorsal vagal collapse or shutdown. Physiologically, the body conserves energy – heart rate and breathing slow, the body may feel heavy, numb or immobile, and the mind pulls away from present-moment awareness. It’s not a choice or a weakness; it’s the nervous system doing exactly what it evolved to do when escape and defence aren’t options.

The trouble is, once this pattern is laid down – especially in a nervous system still developing in childhood – it can become the default response to anything that feels overwhelming, long after the original danger has passed. A raised voice, a deadline, a difficult conversation, even a memory, can be enough to tip the body back into that same collapsed, disembodied, far-away state. This is why dissociation so often feels involuntary and confusing: it isn’t a thought process, it’s a survival response held in the body and nervous system.

Is Dissociation a Mental Health Disorder?

Not always. Mild dissociation can be part of everyday life. But when it starts to disrupt daily functioning, it may fall under Dissociative Disorders, as recognised in the DSM-5-TR. These include:

1. Depersonalisation/Derealisation Disorder

  • Feeling detached from yourself or your surroundings
  • The world feels dreamlike or unreal

2. Dissociative Amnesia

  • Trouble recalling important personal information, usually after trauma

3. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

  • Previously called “multiple personality disorder”
  • Presence of two or more distinct identities, along with memory gaps

If you suspect you may have one of these, it’s important to speak with a mental health professional trained in trauma and dissociation.

dissociation The Cost of Constantly Dissociating

Frequent dissociation can have real-life consequences, including:

  • Struggling to connect emotionally in relationships
  • Being seen as distant or unresponsive by others
  • Missing opportunities due to appearing uninterested
  • Repressing emotions instead of processing them
  • Increased risk of anxiety, depression and PTSD
  • Feeling lost, misunderstood or “not fully alive”
  • Underperforming at work or school
  • Staying in harmful situations because you’re disconnected from reality

How to Stop Dissociating

While it may feel automatic or beyond your control, there are steps you can take to reduce dissociation:

Track when it happens. Try journaling at the end of the day. When did you zone out? What was happening just before? What do you really feel now that you’ve had time to reflect?

Practice grounding techniques. These help bring your attention back to the present. Try:

  • Naming five things you can see, four you can touch, three you can hear, two you can smell, one you can taste
  • Deep, slow breathing (e.g. 4-2-6-3 breath)
  • Cold water on your hands or face

Strengthen your mind-body connection. Mindfulness, yoga, tai chi or body-based therapies can help you reconnect with the present moment and your physical self.

Can Therapy Help with Dissociation?

Yes – therapy is often essential in addressing chronic dissociation, especially if it stems from unresolved trauma.

A skilled counsellor or psychotherapist can help you:

  • Identify what triggers your dissociation
  • Explore and process past trauma safely
  • Build healthier emotional responses
  • Learn grounding and regulation tools

Why a Somatic Approach Matters

Because dissociation lives in the nervous system and the body, not just the mind, talking alone doesn’t always reach it. This is where body-based, or somatic, approaches can be particularly effective – they work with the physiology underneath the disconnection, rather than only the thoughts about it.

Brainspotting

Brainspotting is one such approach. It works on the premise that “where you look affects how you feel” – certain eye positions are linked to areas of the brain where trauma and emotional experience are held, often below the level of conscious awareness or verbal memory. By identifying and holding a relevant eye position (a “brainspot”) while gently tracking the body’s internal experience, Brainspotting allows the nervous system to process and discharge trauma that talk therapy alone may not access.

For someone who dissociates, this can be especially valuable. Rather than asking the body to override its protective collapse, Brainspotting works with it – slowly, and with careful pacing, so the nervous system doesn’t need to shut down to feel safe. In practice, this can look like:

  • Gently building a felt sense of resource and safety in the body before any trauma processing begins, so there is somewhere stable to return to
  • Working at a pace the nervous system can tolerate, staying close enough to activation to process it, without tipping into overwhelm or collapse
  • Allowing the body to complete stress responses that were interrupted at the time of the original trauma – the fight, flight, or shaking off that dorsal vagal shutdown didn’t allow
  • Helping the nervous system learn, experientially rather than just intellectually, that it is possible to stay present and embodied even when something difficult is being felt

Over time, this kind of work can help someone move from a nervous system that defaults to shutdown and disembodiment, towards one with a wider window of tolerance – able to feel activation without immediately needing to leave the body to cope.

_____________

Stefan Walters couples therapist

Stefan Walters – Psychotherapist

Stefan Walters is a Systemic Psychotherapist and Certified Brainspotting Therapist, with training including Emotionally Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.

He specialises in complex traumatic stress and nervous system dysregulation, working with a dual-attunement framework that attends closely to both the relational and the somatic. Stefan is a Graduate Member of the British Psychological Society and a Member of the BACP. Stefan has been featured in The Guardian, The Times, and BACP.

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Blog Topics: Anxiety & Stress


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